Skip to main content

Dictionary - custom key type

In ultimele 2 saptamani am luat la puricat .NET Collections si m-am gandit ca merita sa vorbim astazi putin despre cheile unui dictionar( Dictionary) - map.
In general lucram cu chei care sunt de tip value type.

Dictionary<int, Door> map = new Dictionary<int, Door>();
map.Add(1,door1);
map.Add(2,door2);
...
var door1 = map[1];
In acest caz, cheia o sa fie gasita fara nici o problema. Dar ce se intampla cand cheia noastra este reprezentata de un tip declarat de noi?
Dictionary<DoorKey,Door> map = new Dictionary<DoorKey, Door>();
map.Add(doorKey1, door1);
map.Add(doorKey2, door2);
....
var door1 = map[copyOfDoorKey1];
In momentul cand o sa dorim sa facem retrive la element pe baza de cheie, o sa observam ca elementul nu este gasit( o eroare de tip KeyNotFoundException o sa fie aruncata). In debug daca ne uitam la ce elemente contine dictionarul, o sa observam ca avem doua elemente cu cheiule pe care le-am astepta, dar totusi nu putem sa facem retrive la date.
Fiecare colectie de tip (cheie,valoare) are implementari diferete, dar in general una sau mai multe elemente sunt grupate intr-un bucket( galeata), pe baza la hash code. Dimensiunea sau distributia pe valori a acestuia difera, dar ce trebuie sa retinem aici este ca fiecare element este adaugat intr-un anumit bucket pe baza unui hash returnat de catre cheie. Dupa ce este identificat bucket-ul, se face o cautare a cheii in bucket-ul respectiv pe baza metodei Equal.
Indiferent de metoda de implementare a dictionarului, cautarea se face pe baza acestor doua metode. Din acesta cauza, in exemplul dat mai sus o sa ne trezim ca elementul nu este gasit niciodata, chiar daca teoretic in colectie avem cheie data.
Pentru toate tipurile de date pe care o sa le folosim pe post de cheie, este nevoie sa facem override la GetHashCode si Equal. Mai jos putem sa gasim un exemplu pentru clasa DoorKey
class Doorkey
{
    int RoomNumber { get; set; }
    int DoorNumber {get; set; }
    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        if( obj == null
            || !( obj is DoorKey ))
        {
            return false
        }
        return RoomNumber == obj.RoomNumber
            && DoorNumber == obj.DoorNumber
    }
    public override int GetHashCode()
{
    return RoomNumber.GetHashCode();
}
}
Pentru metoda GetGashCode, aceasta nu este cea mai buna implementara. Cea mai importanta regula pe care metoda GetHashCode trebuie sa o respecte este ca valoarea returnata sa fie aceiasi pentru un obiect care are aceiasi stare( valoare).
Asa ca, de fiecare data cand lucram cu dictionarele( maps) din .NET, iar cheile sunt reprezentate de tipuri custom, nu trebuie sa uitam sa facem ovveride la GetHashCode si Equals, in caz contrat o sa ne trezim ca nu putem sa obtinem datele pe baza cheii.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Windows Docker Containers can make WIN32 API calls, use COM and ASP.NET WebForms

After the last post , I received two interesting questions related to Docker and Windows. People were interested if we do Win32 API calls from a Docker container and if there is support for COM. WIN32 Support To test calls to WIN32 API, let’s try to populate SYSTEM_INFO class. [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct SYSTEM_INFO { public uint dwOemId; public uint dwPageSize; public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress; public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress; public uint dwActiveProcessorMask; public uint dwNumberOfProcessors; public uint dwProcessorType; public uint dwAllocationGranularity; public uint dwProcessorLevel; public uint dwProcessorRevision; } ... [DllImport("kernel32")] static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI); ... SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO(...

ADO.NET provider with invariant name 'System.Data.SqlClient' could not be loaded

Today blog post will be started with the following error when running DB tests on the CI machine: threw exception: System.InvalidOperationException: The Entity Framework provider type 'System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer' registered in the application config file for the ADO.NET provider with invariant name 'System.Data.SqlClient' could not be loaded. Make sure that the assembly-qualified name is used and that the assembly is available to the running application. See http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=260882 for more information. at System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.DependencyResolution.ProviderServicesFactory.GetInstance(String providerTypeName, String providerInvariantName) This error happened only on the Continuous Integration machine. On the devs machines, everything has fine. The classic problem – on my machine it’s working. The CI has the following configuration: TeamCity .NET 4.51 EF 6.0.2 VS2013 It see...

Navigating Cloud Strategy after Azure Central US Region Outage

 Looking back, July 19, 2024, was challenging for customers using Microsoft Azure or Windows machines. Two major outages affected customers using CrowdStrike Falcon or Microsoft Azure computation resources in the Central US. These two outages affected many people and put many businesses on pause for a few hours or even days. The overlap of these two issues was a nightmare for travellers. In addition to blue screens in the airport terminals, they could not get additional information from the airport website, airline personnel, or the support line because they were affected by the outage in the Central US region or the CrowdStrike outage.   But what happened in reality? A faulty CrowdStrike update affected Windows computers globally, from airports and healthcare to small businesses, affecting over 8.5m computers. Even if the Falson Sensor software defect was identified and a fix deployed shortly after, the recovery took longer. In parallel with CrowdStrike, Microsoft provi...